• Gasteria carinata var. glabra (Salm-Dyck) van Jaarsv.
• Aloe glabra (Haw.) Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria carinata f. glabra (Salm-Dyck) van Jaarsv.
• Gasteria glabra Haw.

• Gasteria carinata (Mill.) Duval
• Aloe carinata Mill.
• Aloe carinata Ker Gawl.
• Aloe carinata var. laevior Salm-Dyck
• Aloe carinata var. subglabra Haw.
• Aloe lingua var. multifaria Haw.
• Aloe linguiformis DC.
• Aloe obscura var. truncata Salm-Dyck
• Aloe pseudoangulata Salm-Dyck
• Aloe pusilla Schult. & Schult.f.
• Aloe tristicha Medik.
• Gasteria angulata (Haw.) Duval
• Aloe angulata Willd.
• Aloe lingua var. angulata Haw.
• Gasteria angulata (Willd.) Haw.
• Gasteria disticha var. angulata (Willd.) Baker
• Gasteria angulata var. truncata (Willd.) A.Berger
• Aloe angulata var. truncata Willd.
• Gasteria bijliae Poelln.
• Gasteria carinata var. falcata A.Berger
• Gasteria carinata var. latifolia A.Berger
• Gasteria carinata var. parva (Haw.) Baker
• Gasteria parva Haw.
• Gasteria carinata var. strigata (Haw.) Baker
• Gasteria strigata Haw.
• Gasteria carinata f. variegata hort.
• Gasteria excavata (Willd.) Haw.
• Aloe excavata Willd.
• Gasteria laetepunctata Haw.
• Aloe laetepunctata (Haw.) Schult. & Schult.f.
• Gasteria laevis (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe laevis Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria pallescens Baker
• Gasteria parvifolia Baker
• Gasteria porphyrophylla Baker
• Gasteria subcarinata (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe subcarinata Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria sulcata (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe sulcata Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria trigona var. kewensis A.Berger
• Gasteria undata Haw.
• Aloe undata Schult. & Schult.f.

• Gasteria carinata var. glabra (Salm-Dyck) van Jaarsv.
• Aloe glabra (Haw.) Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria carinata f. glabra (Salm-Dyck) van Jaarsv.
• Gasteria glabra Haw.
• Gasteria carinata var. schweickerdtiana (Poelln.) hort.
• Gasteria schweickerdtiana Poelln.
• Gasteria patentissima Poelln.

• Gasteria carinata var. retusa van Jaarsv.
• Gasteria retusa (van Jaarsv.) van Jaarsv.

• Gasteria carinata var. thunbergii (N.E.Br.) van Jaarsv.
• Aloe disticha Thunb.
• Gasteria thunbergii N.E.Br.

• Gasteria carinata var. verrucosa (Mill.) van Jaarsv.
• Aloe acuminata Lamarck
• Aloe carinata DC.
• Aloe racemosa Lamarck
• Aloe verrucosa Mill.
• Aloe verrucula Medik.
• Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) Duval
• Gasteria intermedia var. laevior Haw.
• Gasteria intermedia var. longior Haw.
• Gasteria radulosa Baker
• Gasteria repens Haw.
• Aloe repens Schult. & Schult.f.
• Gasteria subverrucosa (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe subverrucosa Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria subverrucosa var. grandipunctata (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe subverrucosa var. grandipunctata Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria subverrucosa var. marginata Baker
• Gasteria subverrucosa var. parvipunctata (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe subverrucosa var. parvipunctata Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria verrucosa var. asperrima (Salm-Dyck) Poelln.
• Aloe intermedia var. asperrima Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria intermedia var. asperrima Haw.
• Gasteria verrucosa var. intermedia (Haw.) Baker
• Aloe intermedia Haw.
• Gasteria intermedia (Haw.) Haw.
• Gasteria verrucosa var. latifolia (Salm-Dyck) Haw.
• Aloe verrucosa var. latifolia Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria verrucosa var. scaberrima (Salm-Dyck) Baker
• Aloe scaberrima Salm-Dyck
• Gasteria verrucosa var. striata (Salm-Dyck) Poelln.
• Aloe verrucosa var. striata Salm-Dyck

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Van Jaarsveld, E.J. 1994. "Gasterias of South Africa" Fernwood Press.
2) Urs Eggli “Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons” Springer, 2001
3) W. Engelmann. “Das Pflanzenreich” 33: 50 1908
4) “Flowering plants of South Africa: A Magazine Containing Hand-coloured Figures with Descriptions of the Flowering Plants Indigenous to South Africa. London, Johannesburg and Cape Town” 8: pl. 291 (1928)
5) Stuart Max Walters “The European Garden Flora: Pteridophyta, Gymbospermae, Angiospermae-Monocotyledons” Cambridge University Press, 1984
6) Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (eds) 2006. “The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.” Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
7) Van Jaarsveld, E.J. 2007. "The genus Gasteria, a synoptic review." Aloe 44: 4: 84–103.

Cultivation and Propagation: It is of easy culture and can grow on window sills, verandas and in miniature succulent gardens where it is happy to share its habitat with other smaller succulent plants, or in outdoor rockeries.
Growth rate: It is a relatively slow-growing plant that offsets to form in age small clusters.
Soil: It is tolerant of a wide range of soils and habitats, but prefers a very porous potting mix to increase drainage. You can grow a plant in a 10-15 cm pot for years and have perfectly happy plants. For best results, use a shallow pot.
Exposure: Need light shade to shade, but will take full sun part of the day. (with some sun exposure the leaf develops a nice reddish tint and remain compact)
Watering: During the hot summer months, the soil should be kept moist but not overly wet. During the winter months, water only when the soil becomes completely dry. Wet soil quickly causes root and stem rot, especially during chilly winter months. No water should ever be allowed to stand around the roots. Low ambient humidity is always needed.
Feeding: The plants are fertilized only once during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer diluted to ½ the recommended strength. Plants react well also to organic feeding (compost or any other liquid fertilizer).
Hardiness: During the winter months, water only when the soil becomes completely dry. Frost hardy to -1°C (Or less). It grows well in Mediterranean gardens where frost is not too severe.
Pest and diseases: Rot is only a minor problem with Gasteria if the plants are watered and “aired” correctly. If they are not, fungicides won't help all that much. Incorrect watering, poor drainage or too much shade can lead to attack by pests and diseases. Care must be given in watering, keeping them warm and wet while growing, and cooler and dry when dormant.
Remarks: Gasterias are best planted in a partially shaded and airy part of the greenhouse, and not too close to the glass roof or sides of the house as the plants can overheat during hot spells.
Propagation: Gasterias are easily propagated by the removal of offshoots or by leaf cuttings in spring or summer. To propagate by leaf cuttings, remove a leaf (best in spring) and let it lie for about one month, giving the wound time to heal. Then lay the leaf on its side with the basal part buried in the soil. This leaf should root within a month or two, and small plants will form at the leaf base. Cuttings are best rooted in clean sand. Once rooted, plants can be planted into individual containers. They can also grown from seed. Sow seed during spring or summer in a warm, shady position in a sandy, slightly acidic soil and keep moist. Cover with a thin layer of sand and keep moist. Germination is usually within 20 days. Seedlings grow slowly and are best planted out about a year after sowing. It is recommended to apply a fungicide when growing it from seed.