Accepted Scientific Name: Cheiridopsis denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Gard. Chron. III, 79: 407 1926
Cheiridopsis candidissima Photo by: Giuseppe Distefano
Origin and Habitat: Cheiridopsis candidissimaSN|26282]]SN|26282]] comes from the western part of the Northern Cape, Cape Province of South Africa and the range extends in southern Namibia.
Altitude: Around 300 metres above sea level.
Habitat and Ecology: It normally grows in small, almost pure stands in sandy flats, often in dry river beds, on gneiss and granite of the Namaqualand complex, mainly in winter rainfall region with hot, dry summers, but also in areas with autumn or spring rainfall (March and November rains). Precipitations 100-200 mm per annum.
Synonyms:
See all synonyms of Cheiridopsis denticulata
back
Accepted name in llifle Database:Cheiridopsis denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br.Gard. Chron. III, 79: 407 1926Synonymy: 12
back
Common Names include:
ENGLISH: Carpet Weed, Lobster Claws
CHINESE (中文): 慈晃锦
KHOEKHOE or NAMA (Khoekhoegowab): t'noutsiama
Description: Cheiridopsis candissima, still favoured by some as a good species, is a nice looking ground cover succulent with a really smooth whitish-grey to turquoise foliage. It is now regarded as a mere whiter ecotype of Cheiridopsis denticulata. The leaves are united through their length when resting for protection against the sun. Flowers are pretty showy, white with orange rims.
Habit: It is a perennial, compact, cushion-forming succulent and one of the largest species of the genus with branches 20-33 cm in diameter
Stems: Short with ground-level branches up to 9 cm long 1 cm in diameter.
Leaves: Opposite, limited to 1 pair to each stem (sometime in two to three, erect pairs especially in cultivation). Leaves up to 6,5 cm long and 1 cm broad. Often the leaf pairs are dissimilar or unequal and fused for up to 1 cm (less tan 40% connate), triangular in cross section towards tip, greysh-white to bluish very smooth, with a slightly wrinkled surface, more so in dry conditions. Tip mucronate (pointed), keel less than one-quarter of the leaf length: at least some leaves on each plant with toothed keels. Teeth absent or few relatively large, dull.
Flowers: Up to 8 cm in diameter, creamy-white to pale yellow with orange rims. Bracts attached in lower one-third of pedicel (flower-stalk). Sepals four or five. Stamens numerous.
Fruits (dry capsules): 50-100 mm long, up to13 mm in diameter, shortly funnel-shaped, cone-shaped or hemispherical below, flat, to cone-shaped above, in particular after the first opening. Cells more than (8-)14 (usually 17-19). The capsules of have covering membranes undulate with a low distal rim and a particularly large closing body.
Blooming season: Late winter. The flowers open during the afternoon and are pollinated by bees.
Seeds: Smooth, whitish to brownish, micropyle elongate, 0.8-0.9 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm broad, 0.4-0.45 mm thick. When it rains the capsules open.
Growth phases: The plants go dormant in summer but do not die back to rootstock. They become more compact, the older leaves wither forming a protective sheeth at the base (Cheires = sleeve) and the new leaves emerging but remaining compact, waiting for the rain when they grow again. They in other words recycle their moisture from the older to the younger leaf pair, but do not become deciduous.
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Cheiridopsis denticulata group
Cheiridopsis candidissima (Haw.) N.E.Br.: has really smooth whitish-grey to turquoise foliage. - Cheiridopsis denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br.: has grey-white leaves which may be simple or somewhat toothed on the keel from which its name derives. Distribution: Northern Cape to southern Namibia.
Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Heidrun E. K. Hartmann “Aizoaceae A – E” Springer, 2002
2) Debra Brown Folsom, Huntington Botanical Gardens “Dry climate gardening with succulents” Pantheon Books, 14/mar/1995
3) John Manning “Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland” Struik, 15/apr/2010
4) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey “The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass” Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
5) Hermann Jacobsen, Vera Higgins “Succulent Plants: Description, Cultivation and Uses of Succulent Plants, Other Than Cacti” Williams and Norgate, Limited, 1935
6) Jacobsen. “Handbook of succulent plants” 1328 (1960)
7) Barkhuizen, B.P. “Succulents of Southern Africa.” Purnell, Cape Town 1978.
8) Burgoyne, P.M. Cheiridopsis denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br. National Assessment: “Red List of South African Plants” Accessed on 02/02/2014
9) Hartmann, H.E.K. “Growth forms and leaves in the genus Cheiridopsis” N. E. Br. Cactus & Succulent Journal (U.S.) 60: 168–173. 1998
10) Le Roux, A. & Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E. 1997. Namaqualand . “South African Wild Flower Guide 1.” Botanical Society of SouthAfrica, Cape Town.
11) Raimondo, D., Von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. 2009. “Red List of South African Plants” 2009. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
12) "Cheiridopsis denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br." http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cheiridopdenti.htm Accessed on 25/03/2014
Cultivation and Propagation: The Cheiridopsis candidissimaSN|26280]]SN|26282]] (Cheiridopsis denticulataSN|26282]]SN|26280]]) is a "winter" grower which is most active from late winter until later spring and heading for summer dormancy, but in favourable growing conditions it keeps going over the summer too and doesn't need particular care. It does well when grown in conditions similar to those in its natural habitat or in a greenhouse. It can grows outdoor in sunny, dry, rock crevices (protection against winter wet is required). It can also be cultivated in alpine house, in poor, drained soil.
Soil: It requires a sandy soil that is rich in minerals. Ensure a very good drainage as it it is prone to root rot.
Fertilization: It thrives in poor soils and seems sensitive to an excess of potassium.
Watering: Water minimally in summer, only when the plant starts shrivelling or spray them with a fine mist from time to time, water more abundantly when they are growing in the autumn and spring. Requires little water otherwise its epidermis breaks (resulting in unsightly scars).
Light: It needs a bright sunny or light shade exposure in winter, but keep cool and shaded in summer.
Hardiness: It prefer a very bright situation and will take a light frost (Hardy to -5°C) if it is in dry soil. USDA zones 9A – 11.
Uses: Container, rock garden.
Propagation: Seed in spring or cuttings. Sow seeds in autumn, and, to improve the chances of germination, place the seeds in a small container with warm water for 24 hours. This will help to soften the hard outer layer of the seeds. Sow the seeds in a sandy medium and cover them with a thin layer of fine sand about 1 mm thick. Keep them damp, using a fine spray, until seeds start to germinate in about seven to fourteen days. Once the seedlings start growing, slowly reduce the amount of water.
