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Since 4 Aug 2013
Katalogname in Schneekloth-Liste
Family: CACTACEAE
Origin and Habitat: Garden origin (Nursery produced cultivar)
Synonyms:
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (Frič ex Gürke) Britton & Rose
Cactaceae (Backeberg) 3: 153. 1922 [12 Oct 1922]
Synonymy: 12
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (Frič ex Gürke) Britton & Rose
- Echinocactus mihanovichii Frič & Gürke
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. angusto-striatum Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. fleischerianum Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. melocactiforme Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. nigrum Y.Itô
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. pazoutianum Moser & Valnicek
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense R.Blossfeld ex Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense f. albiflora Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. robustior hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. stenostriatum Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. yrendague Moser
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. filadelfiense Backeb.
Kakteenlexikon 170. 1966 nom. inval. (Art. 8.2)
Synonymy: 2
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. filadelfiense Backeb.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense f. filadelfiense Backeb. ex Pazout
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. heesei
Gymnocalycium 42 (1978)
Accepted name in llifle Database:
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. melanum hort.
Katalogname in Schneekloth-Liste
Accepted name in llifle Database:
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. roseiflorum
Succulenta (Netherlands) 18:166, 1936 Author: van den Thoorn nom. inval. (Art. 36.1)
Accepted name in llifle Database:
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. rysanekianum Pazout
Friciana 5(35): 18-19, 1965
Synonymy: 2 Accepted name in llifle Database:
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. stenogonum Frič & Pazout
Kakt Listy 16(10): 109-159
Synonymy: 4
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. stenogonum Frič & Pazout
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. chloristictum F.Ritter
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan f. cristata hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. rubra cristata hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. rubra cristata hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. Rubra hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. rubrum hort.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Nishikii hort.
Description: Gymnocalycium mihanovichiiSN|11929]]SN|11929]] friedrichii 'rubra'or 'Hibotan' comprises a large group of popular mutants, characterized by more or less red coloured bodies. They are red (but also orange, dark purplish, yellow or even white) because they contains few chlorophyll or even no chlorophyll at all, much like the red we see in the fall foliage of trees when their chlorophyll breaks down and disappears. Without chlorophyll many of these mutants gymnocalyciums can not produce sugar and without sugar they will die. The only way to keep them alive is to graft them onto another cactus which has chlorophyll and which will provide sugar to the mutant scion. The chlorophyll containing bottom part of the graft, called the stock, can be any number of different cactus species. In the case of the gymnoclyciums it is usually Hylocereus, a tropical cactus.
Crested form: The crested form is quite uncommon in cultivation, it is a very beautiful red plant plant with undulating fan-shaped branches.
Stem: Fan-shaped, orange, red or dark-purpl.
Ribs: very prominent, and sharp banded whit strong dark brown markings especially when young, and these sometimes have cross-bands of lighter colours.
Radial spines: 3-6, acicular, to awl shaped, light to dark brown, somewhat twisted, 0,7-1 cm long.
Central spines: Usually absent.
Flowers: Pale-pink to purplish-pink, 6-7 cm long.
Fruits: Gray-green to pinkish-red up to 4 cm long, diameter 1 cm.
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Gymnocalycium mihanovichii/stenopleurum group
The name Gymnocalycium mihanovichii v. friedrichii was introduced by Werdermann in 1936. Pazout suggested the name G. friedrichii nom. inval. in 1964 but it has not been officially approved. In 1979 Ritter made a description of Gymnocalycium stenopleurum that sometimes can be found under the incorrect name G. mihanovichii v. stenopleurum n. n. (don't confuse it with v. stenogonum). Thus we have 3 taxa: "mihanovichii", "friedrichii" and "stenopleurum". Not taking into account their taxonomic definition they are basic points of the complex with many transitional forms between. These three taxa spread from south to north (North-Western Paraguay): The typical "mihanovichii" inhabits the very south of the area – south and south-east of province Boqueron; "stenopleurum" inhabits a limited area on the very north – in Cerro Leon region and has characteristic recognizable habitus; for "friedrichii" all the area between two mentioned points is indicated.
Gymnocalycium friedrichii (Werderm.) Pazout: Distingushed from Gymnocalycium miahanovichii for the prevalently purplish pink, wide open flowers and well-pronounced polymorphism of spines. Besides it has tall slender ribs and roller-shaped prominent thickening around areoles.- Gymnocalycium friedrichii f. cristatum hort.: Crested form with nice stems reddish brown to dark grape coloured.
- Gymnocalycium friedrichii var. moserianum Pazout ex Moser: has brown bodies 2 times larger than G. friedrichii, with sharp ribs striped with white, and only 3 weak spines. Flowers are pale pink and open up entirely. Distribution: Yrebdaque, Boquerón, Paraguay.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (Frič ex Gürke) Britton & Rose: It has wider, lower ribs, in juvenile plants divided into separate chins, in maturity every rib have flat surface and a pleat above each areole. But the essential thing is its pale or brownish-yellow, not fully opening flower.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. filadelfiense Backeb.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. stenogonum Frič & Pazout: has larger stem (up to 15 cm in diameter), smooth fresh green to bronze in full sun. The greenish flowers are also larger. Distribution: Toro Alarachii, southern Chaco, Argentina.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan hort.: chlorophylles mutants, characterized by more or less red coloured bodies.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan f. cristata hort.: this is the crested form of the chlorophyll-less cv. Hibotan characterized by more or less red coloured bodies.
- Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Nishikii hort.: variegated cultivars only partially de-coloured.
- Gymnocalycium stenopleurum F.Ritter: Distingushed from Gymnocalycium miahanovichii for the white, fully opening flowers. Distribution: Cerro León, Boquerón department of Paraguay.
Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
3) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
4) N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose “The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family.” Volume 4, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1923
5) Curt Backeberg “Die Cactaceae: Handbuch der Kakteenkunde” Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart New York 1982–1985
6) Dmitriy Rogatskin “Controversial point” Cultivar e-magazin ISSUE 3 (25): 4 <http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N25/index-e.htm>
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan f. cristata Photo by: Prof. Ilham Alakbarov
The gallery now contains thousands of pictures, however it is possible to do even more. We are, of course, seeking photos of species not yet shown in the gallery but not only that, we are also looking for better pictures than those already present. Read More...
Cultivation and Propagation: Variegated cacti are regarded as choice and difficult in cultivation, but despite that many of them are relatively easy to grow. They are sometime seen as grafted plants, but some forms grow well on their own roots, too. On the contrary, the albinos can survive only if grafted on a strong green base.
Soil: Use mineral well-permeable substratum with little organic matter (peat, humus).
Moisture needs: Water sparingly from March till October and keep perfectly dry in winter.
Fertilization: Feed with a high potassium fertilizer in summer.
Exposure: They cannot tolerate prolonged exposure to direct sun light (especially during the hottest summer days), so grow them in half-shade or under filtered sun.
Frost Tolerance: Overwinter this plants at temperatures from 5 to 15 degrees centigrade. In general these plants are more tender than standard gymnocalyciums and cannot endure freezing temperatures. In the rest period no high atmospheric humidity!!
Propagation: Plants are often grafted onto column-shaped cacti, but the forms with some chlorophyll can be reproduced by seeds or cuttings.
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