Origin and Habitat: San Luis, Argentina. Gymnocalycium andreaeSN|10579]]SN|10579]] subsp. Carolinense is a range-restricted species found in an area of only about 20 km radius.
Habitat and ecology: This species grows in an undulating highland on gneiss and quartz outcrops.

• Gymnocalycium andreae subs. carolinense Neuhuber
• Gymnocalycium bruchii subs. carolinense (Neuhuber) Papsch
• Gymnocalycium carolinense (Neuhuber) Neuhuber

• Gymnocalycium andreae subs. carolinense Neuhuber
• Gymnocalycium bruchii subs. carolinense (Neuhuber) Papsch
• Gymnocalycium carolinense (Neuhuber) Neuhuber
• Gymnocalycium carolinense var. eltrebolense Neuhuber
• Gymnocalycium carolinense subs. fedjukinii V.Gapon & Neuhuber
• Gymnocalycium carolinense subs. ludwigii Neuhuber
• Gymnocalycium bruchii subs. ludwigii (Neuhuber) Papsch

• Gymnocalycium andreae (Boed.) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth
• Echinocactus andreae Boed.

• Gymnocalycium andreae var. fechseri H.Till
• Gymnocalycium andreae var. doppianum H.Till & R.Kiesling
• Gymnocalycium doppianum Mereg.

Description: Gymnocalycium andreaeSN|14835]]SN|10579]] ssp. carolinense, is an unusually coloured variation of this normally yellow-flowered species from the Argentinian province of San Luis. It was firstly found in 1988 by Gert Neuhuber, wh described it as a subspecies of Gymnocalycium andreaeSN|14835]]SN|10579]] in 1994 (G. andreae ssp. carolinense) before raising it in 2005 to the rank of species ( Gymnocalycium carolinenseSN|23097]]SN|23097]]). It also shares some traits with Gymnocalycium bruchiiSN|10579]]SN|14835]] and Hunt et al. (The New Cactus Lexicon. 2006) given this plant the status of subspecies of G. bruchii.
It is however distinguished from G. bruchii by a solitary (not clumping) stem, and more widely spaced areoles with more prominent "chins". Bercht considers that it is close to Gymnocalycium bruchiiSN|10579]]SN|14835]] v. brigittae.

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). “The New Cactus Lexicon.” dh Books, Milborne Port, UK. 2006.