Origin and Habitat: Aramberri area of Nuevo Leon, Mexico

• Ariocarpus confusus Halda & Horáček
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. confusus (Halda & Horáček) Lüthy

• Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw.
• Anhalonium areolosum Lem.
• Anhalonium prismaticum Lem.
• Anhalonium pulvilligerum Lem.
• Anhalonium retusum Salm-Dyck
• Cactus prismaticus Kuntze
• Mammillaria areolosa Hemsl.
• Mammillaria prismatica Hemsl.
• Ariocarpus confusus Halda & Horáček
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. confusus (Halda & Horáček) Lüthy
• Ariocarpus elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Wettst.
• Anhalonium elongatum Salm-Dyck
• Ariocarpus trigonus var. elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.
• Mammillaria elongata (Salm-Dyck) Hemsl.
• Ariocarpus furfuraceus C.H.Thomps.
• Anhalonium furfuraceum J.M.Coult.
• Ariocarpus retusus var. furfuraceus (S.Watson) G.Frank
• Mammillaria furfuracea S.Watson
• Ariocarpus furfuraceus f. cristata Frič
• Ariocarpus furfuraceus f. monstruosus hort.
• Ariocarpus furfuraceus var. rostratus A.Berger
• Ariocarpus prismaticus hort. ex Cobbold
• Ariocarpus pulvilligerus K.Schum.
• Ariocarpus retusus f. cristata hort.
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. jarmilae Halda, Horáček & Panar.
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. panarottoi Halda & Horáček
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. pectinatus Weisbarth
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. scapharostroides Halda & Horáček
• Ariocarpus retusus var. sladkovskyi Halda & Kupčák
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. sladkovskyi Halda & Kupčák
• Ariocarpus retusus var. elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.

• Ariocarpus retusus subs. trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) E.F.Anderson & W.A.Fitz Maur.
• Anhalonium trigonum F.A.C.Weber in Bois
• Ariocarpus trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum.
• Ariocarpus retusus subs. horacekii Halda & Panar.
• Ariocarpus elongatus subs. horacekii (Halda) Halda
• Ariocarpus trigonus var. horacekii Halda
• Ariocarpus trigonus var. minor M.Voldan

• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Cauliflower
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Cauliflower King
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Frumdosus
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Frumdosus brevituberosus
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Frumdosus f. variegata
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Maruibo
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Maruibo Cauliflower
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Maruibo Pectinatus
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Mituibo
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Three Finger
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Trefinger
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Royal Tama Botan
• Ariocarpus retusus cv. Tama Botan
• Ariocarpus furfuraceus cv. Tama Botan
• Ariocarpus retusus f. major

Description: Ariocarpus confususSN|2078]]SN|2078]] is a peculiar local form somewhat intermediate between Ariocarpus retususSN|2078]]SN|2079]] and Ariocarpus trigonusSN|2094]]SN|2094]]. This two taxa intergrade in the area adjacent to Aramberri (a natural hybrid?). The peculiarity of Ariocarpus confususSN|2079]]SN|2078]] is that it usually develops deep magenta flowers (a color not found in any other populations of A. retusus/trigonus), however white or pink flower or variations of the two or even bicoloured flowers in the same plant are not uncommon.
Habit: Solitary globose plant, rising slightly above ground level, rounded on top
Stem: 10 to 20 cm in diameter, 4 to 10 cm tall.
Tubercles: Upright tan brownish/green to magenta/green divergent, not crowded or basally compressed, acute at the apices, flattened and smooth adaxially, not fissured, incurved strongly, 3-8 cm long, 1-2,5 cm broad, usually more long than wide.
Root: Tap root.
Flowers: Extremely variable from Cream-white to rich magenta, 3 to 5 cm in diameter up to 4 cm long.
Blooming season: They come in late autumn or early winter.
Remarks: Ariocarpus confususSN|2078]]SN|2078]] is an extremely variable species.

Notes: Ariocarpus confususSN|2094]]SN|2078]] is a controversial taxon erected by Halda & Horacek in 1998 to indicate the plants of the Ariocarpus retususSN|2079]]SN|2079]]/trigonus complex found in several locations around in the Aramberri region. This Ariocarpus are extremely variable in body form, and also in flower colour. Aramberri is located in a valley between two mountain slopes. On either side of the valley one may find population that looks like the typical Ariocarpus retususSN|2079]]SN|2079]] while other resembles the typical Ariocarpus trigonusSN|2078]]SN|2094]], with a range of intermediates between the two. Morphologically, plants belonging to the confusus species resemble either the retusus ssp or the trigonus ssp. However, they are easily distinguished from either of these retusus sub-species by their interesting variation is in the flower color, which can range from white through to magenta, a color not found in any other populations of A. retusus/trigonus. Bicoloured flowers also occur.

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward F. Anderson “The Cactus Family” Timber Press, 2001
2) Curt Backeberg “Cactus Lexicon” Sterling Publishing Company, Incorporated, 1978
3) Hiroshi Hirao “Colour encyclopaedia of cacti” Japan 1979 (Japanese language and script)
4) Willy Cullmann, Erich Götz (Dozent Dr.), Gerhard Gröner “The encyclopedia of cacti” Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1986
5) David Hunt, Nigel Taylor “The New Cactus Lexicon” DH Books, 2006 ISBN 0953813444, 9780953813445
6) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey “The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass” Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug./2011

Cultivation and Propagation: This species is slow growing if compared with other retusus forms, but of easy culture in a well drained non-organic free draining soil compost, with ample water during the growing season. Use of a weak low-nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season can encourage growth. The main threat to their development is root rot. Ariocarpus should be kept dry whenever there is a threat of cold. The appearance of Ariocarpus can benefit greatly by watering the plants from the bottom. This practice will help to keep the “wool” on the top of the plant from becoming matted or discoloured. Need light shade to full sun. Frost Tolerance: Hardy to -10°
Propagation: Seed, but will generally take about 6-10 years to reach flowering size, occasionally grafted.