Origin and Habitat: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay

• Parodia orthacantha (Link & Otto) Hofacker
• Echinocactus orthacanthus Link & Otto
• Malacocarpus orthacanthus (Link & Otto) Herter
• Melocactus orthacanthus Link & Otto
• Notocactus mammulosus var. orthacanthus (Link & Otto) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Notocactus orthacanthus (Link & Otto) Vliet
• Wigginsia orthacantha (Link & Otto) Backeb.

• Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) N.P.Taylor
• Echinocactus mammulosus Lem.
• Malacocarpus mammulosus (Lem.) Britton & Rose
• Notocactus mammulosus (Lem.) A.Berger
• Ritterocactus mammulosus (Lem.) Doweld
• Echinocactus mammulosus var. hircina Speg.
• Echinocactus mammulosus var. typica Speg.
• Echinocactus pampeanus var. charruana Arechav.
• Echinocactus pampeanus var. rubellianus Arechav.
• Echinocactus pampeanus var. subplana Arechav.
• Notocactus floricomus var. spinosissimus Frič ex Buining
• Notocactus hypocrateriformis (Otto & A.Dietr.) Herter
• Echinocactus hypocrateriformis Otto & A.Dietr.
• Notocactus mammulosus f. cristatoides (F.Ritter) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Notocactus cristatoides F.Ritter
• Notocactus mammulosus f. floricomus (Arechav.) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Echinocactus floricomus Arechav.
• Notocactus floricomus (Arechav.) A.Berger
• Notocactus mammulosus var. floricomus (Arechav.) Havlíček
• Notocactus mammulosus f. macambarensis (Prestlé) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Notocactus macambarensis Prestlé
• Notocactus mammulosus var. megalanthus (H.Schloss. & Bredero) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Notocactus megalanthus H.Schloss. & Bredero
• Ritterocactus megalanthus (H.Schloss. & Bredero) Doweld
• Notocactus mammulosus var. pampeanus (Speg.) A.Cast. & Lelong in Descole
• Echinocactus mammulosus var. pampeanus (Speg.) Speg.
• Echinocactus pampeanus Speg.
• Malacocarpus mammulosus var. pampeanus (Speg.) Speg.
• Malacocarpus pampeanus (Speg.) Hosseus
• Notocactus pampeanus (Speg.) A.Berger ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth
• Notocactus mammulosus var. paulus (H.Schloss. & Bredero) Havlíček
• Notocactus paulus H.Schloss. & Bredero
• Notocactus ritterianus Lisal & Kolarik
• Notocactus roseoluteus Vliet
• Notocactus cupreatus
• Notocactus herteri f. roseoluteus (Vliet) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Notocactus velenovskii Frič
• Notocactus floricomus var. velenovskii (Frič) Krainz
• Parodia mammulosa f. cristata (P.V.Heath) hort.
• Notocactus mammulosus f. cristatus P.V.Heath
• Parodia mammulosa f. monstruosa cristata hort.
• Notocactus mammulosus f. monstruosus cristatus hort.
• Parodia mueller-moelleri (Frič ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth)
• Parodia orthacantha (Link & Otto) Hofacker
• Echinocactus orthacanthus Link & Otto
• Malacocarpus orthacanthus (Link & Otto) Herter
• Melocactus orthacanthus Link & Otto
• Notocactus mammulosus var. orthacanthus (Link & Otto) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Notocactus orthacanthus (Link & Otto) Vliet
• Wigginsia orthacantha (Link & Otto) Backeb.
• Parodia submammulosa subs. minor R.Kiesling

• Parodia mammulosa subs. brasiliensis (Havlíček) Hofacker
• Notocactus mammulosus var. brasiliensis Havlíček
• Ritterocactus mammulosus subs. brasiliensis (Havlíček) Doweld

• Parodia mammulosa subs. erythracantha (H.Schloss. & Bredero) Hofacker
• Notocactus erythracanthus H.Schloss. & Bredero
• Notocactus mammulosus var. erythracanthus (H.Schloss. & Bredero) N.Gerloff & Neduchal
• Ritterocactus mammulosus subs. erythracanthus (H.Schloss. & Bredero) Doweld

• Parodia mammulosa subs. submammulosa (Lem.) Hofacker
• Echinocactus mammulosus var. submammulosus (Lem.) Speg.
• Echinocactus submammulosus Lem.
• Notocactus submammulosus (Lem.) Backeb.
• Parodia submammulosa (Lem.) R.Kiesling
• Ritterocactus mammulosus subs. submammulosus (Lem.) Doweld

• Parodia mammulosa cv. Red Flowers
• Notocactus mammulosus cv. Red Flowers

Description: Usually single stemmed, perennial, succulent.
Stem: Large, spherical, up to 15cm in diameter with flattened apex, and with a dark-green to bluish-green epidermis.
Ribs: Approx. 18, vertical, well defined, forming large, distinct, pointed tubercles with chin-like protrusion.
Areoles: Between tubercles.
Radial spines: About 12, up to 1 cm long, needle-like, whitish, radiating flattened against the stem, interlacing.
Central spine: One, dark, strong, up to 2 cm long stinging.
Flowers: 5 cm (or more) in diameter, shining lemon-yellow, in rare cases also orange or reddish with dark purple-red stigma. Pericarpel and floral tubes short and broad, with dense wool and few bristles.
Blooming season: Spring. It will usually flower within 3 to 5 years.
Fruit: Globose, elongating at maturity, thin-walled.
Seeds: Bell to helmet-shaped, with corky hilum, brown and finely tuberculate.
Flowers: Lemon-yellow.

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward F. Anderson “The Cactus Family” Timber Press, 2001
2) Curt Backeberg “Cactus Lexicon” Sterling Publishing Company, Incorporated, 1978
3) Hiroshi Hirao “Colour encyclopaedia of cacti” Japan 1979 (Japanese language and script)
4) Willy Cullmann, Erich Götz (Dozent Dr.), Gerhard Gröner “The encyclopedia of cacti” Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1986
5) David Hunt, Nigel Taylor “The New Cactus Lexicon” DH Books, 2006 ISBN 0953813444, 9780953813445
6) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey “The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass” Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug./2011

Cultivation and Propagation: It is easy to grow. It prefers a neutral to slightly acidic mineral-based potting mix with a good drainage. It likes a warm bright location, does great in partial shade but doesn't like full, hot blazing sun in the central summer month. Can support quite some water during the growing season but pot plants in winter are wet-sensitive and needs to be rather kept dry (rots easily if soil is wet and cold) tends to lose its roots in winter. Usually it is recommended to over-winter this plant in a bright and warm greenhouse with at least 8-10° C , but it has proved to tolerate temperatures as low as -5° C for short periods.
Propagation: Seeds, cuttings or root suckers (if available). Not too difficult to raise from seed.